Synonyms

• Amino acids, bioinformatics, clinical proteomics, disease proteomics, electrophoresis, functional genomics, mass spectrometry, population proteomics, protein expression profiling, proteins, proteome, two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Background

• The word "proteome" is a combination of the words "protein" and "genome." Proteomics is the study of the proteome, or the complete set of proteins produced by a cell, tissue, or organism. Proteomics uses protein sequences, expression, and structure to determine how different proteins relate, interact, and function in an organism. Essentially, the field of proteomics studies the structure and function of proteins, which are essential for cellular and bodily functions.
• Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids, often referred to as the "building blocks" of proteins. Amino acids are linked together to form a chain held together by peptide bonds, which are chemical bonds formed between two molecules. Combined in chains with different sequences, they make up as many as two million different proteins in the human body, each of which has its own function.
• Almost 20% of the adult human body is made up of proteins, which play a number of important roles, including providing structure for the body, carrying substances to the cells, facilitating chemical reactions, and enabling bodily functions such as muscle contracture and immune function.
• The sequence of the human genome, which is all of the genes that make up all human beings, usually does not change, and with few exceptions, all cell types in the body contain the same genome. However, not all of the genes are active in each cell to the same degree in every individual. The identity of different cell types, such as muscle, blood, or nerve cells, largely depends on the genes that are active, or expressed, in those cells.
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Methods

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Research

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Implications

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Limitations

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Safety

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Future Research

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Author Information

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Bibliography

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